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Author Guidelines

ONLINE SUBMISSIONS

After carefully reviewing the style guidelines below, submit manuscripts online at Polar Research's website. Step-by-step instructions on how to submit your manuscript online are available during the submission process. Further information can be obtained online from the submission site via the 'Support' button. You can also contact the Editorial Office at goldman@npolar.no for guidance.

Track the progress of your submission by logging into Polar Research’s website.

Plagiarism Detection

Co-Action Publishing is a member of CrossCheck by CrossRef and iThenticate. iThenticate is a plagiarism screening service that verifies the originality of content submitted before publication. iThenticate checks submissions against millions of published research papers, and billions of web content.

Co-Action Publishing uses iThenticate to screen all submissions for plagiarism before publication, but authors, researchers and freelancers can also use iThenticate to screen their work before submission by visiting http://research.ithenticate.com.

AUTHOR GUIDELINES

Submission of a manuscript implies that the work has not been published before, it is not being considered for publication elsewhere and its submission has been approved by all co-authors. Explain any special circumstances in the cover letter that is submitted with the online submission.

Authors are responsible for disclosing financial support from industry or other support that might bias the interpretation of the results.

Publishing in the Polar Research is free of charge. There are no colour charges or charges for publishing supplementary material. The journal is generously funded by the Norwegian Polar Institute.

The journal is published electronically only. There is no regular print edition.

 

Authors submitting papers containing a new zoological taxon, please be advised that Co-Action Publishing will follow the interim solution arrived at by PLoS in consultation with the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. We ask authors to refer to the original document titled ‘Almost E-only Publication’ – an interim solution. Co-Action Publishing will provide a limited hardcopy run of published manuscripts formally describing new taxa, as described in this document. Authors are requested to follow the guidelines in the ‘Almost E-only Publication’ – an interim solution.

Manuscripts that do not conform closely to the journal’s style guidelines may be returned to authors before being reviewed.

Authorship

Each of a manuscript’s authors should meet all three of the following criteria: (1) has made a substantial contribution to the design of the study, the collection of the data, or the analysis or interpretation of the data; (2) has drafted the manuscript or revised it, shaping its intellectual content; (3) has approved of the submitted manuscript and approves of the revised version that is to be published. Each author should be able to take public responsibility for a portion of the paper’s content, and should be able to identify the co-authors who are responsible for the remaining material.

Contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in the acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help or writing assistance and a department chairperson who provided only general support. Financial and material support should also be acknowledged.

Style

Manuscripts should be double-spaced.

Arrange the title page in the following way: (1) title of manuscript, (2) name of author(s), (3) postal address of each author, including department, larger institution, street number or postbox, city, postal code and country; (4) name, full postal and email address of the corresponding author who also acts as guarantor for all parts of the paper; (5) abstract; and (6) no more than six keywords.

The abstract, not to exceed 250 words, must be briefly summarize the study’s aims, methods, results and conclusions. Common problems in abstracts include: too much introductory/background material; too little information about methods and actual results; and vague conclusions. Be concise and specific.

Use no more than three grades of subheadings. Subheading are not numbered in published Polar Research articles, but on your submission you may include the level of each heading in brackets to avoid confusion. Do not include foot- or endnotes.

Polar Research generally treats recent editions of the Concise Oxford Dictionary as its spelling authority. When there are alternatives, choose the spelling indicated by the COD as the preferred British spelling. Some examples: organize rather than organise; behaviour rather than behavior; centre rather than center; palaeo- rather than paleo-.

Use metric units. Abbreviate units like kilometre, metre and centimetre to km, m and cm. Use these abbreviations to refer to events that took place in the past: Kya (thousands of years ago) and Mya (millions of years ago). Use these abbreviations to refer to the age of geological material: Ky (thousands of years) and My (millions of years).

Scientific names of species are italicized and in parentheses following the first mention of the common name of the species. Except where this might cause confusion, abbreviate genus names to the first initial when these are repeated within a few paragraphs. Do not capitalize common names of species unless these are derived from personal or place names, such as Steller’s sea lion.

Dates should be given like this: 16 November 2006. In figures and tables, they may be abbreviated: 16/11/06. Use the 24 hour clock for times, e.g., 16:30.

Use an acronym only when the abbreviation is warranted by repeated appearance in the text. Give the full name at its first appearance, followed by the acronym in parentheses. Thereafter use consistently the acronym, except in figure and table captions, where the full phrase is used. Do not employ an acronym for a term that appears only a few times in the manuscript.

Format in-text citations like this:

“… in accordance with Smith et al. (1998).”
“…compared to previous studies (Smith et al. 1998; Jones 1999; Wright & Miller 2010).”

Authors for whom English is a second language should consider having their manuscripts professionally edited before submission, e.g. Cambridge Language Consultant, Write Scientific Right, or Editage. All services are paid for and arranged by the author. Use of one of these services does not guarantee acceptance or preference for publication.

References

Ensure that all entries in the reference list are cited in the manuscript and that all sources cited in the manuscript are listed in the references.

Citations are mentioned chronologically in the main body of the text, using this style:

…(Smith et al. 1968; Jones 1992a, 2001; Hansen & Smith 1999).

In the reference list sources are ordered alphabetically. Non-English letters (e.g., Ø, Å and Æ) are alphabetized like their nearest English equivalents (e.g., O, A and Ae).

Make each reference as complete as possible; superfluous information will be weeded out during copyediting.

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Uchida M., Nakatsubo T., Kanda H. & Koizumi H. 2006. Estimation of the annual primary production of the lichen Cetrariella delisei in a glacier foreland in the High Arctic, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Polar Research 25, 39-49.

Give the full name of the journal. If an article number and doi are provided instead of a page span, format the reference like this:

Bradford J.H. & Harper J.T. 2005. Wave field migration as a tool for estimating spatially continuous radar velocity and water content in glaciers. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L08502, doi 10.1029/2004GL021770.

ARTICLE IN A SPECIAL ISSUE OF A JOURNAL
Rapley C. 1999. Global change and the polar regions. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Climate Change. Tromsø, Norway, 24-28 August 1998. Polar Research 18, 117-118.

REPORT IN A SERIES
Blom H., Clack J.A. & Ahlberg P.E. 2005. Localities, distribution and stratigraphical context of the Late Devonian tetrapods of East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Geoscience 43. Copenhagan: Danish Polar Center.

Do not include page spans for whole reports. If the report was edited, format it like this:

Gerland S. & Njåstad B. (eds.) 2004. Arctic climate feedback mechanisms: proceedings of a workshop at the Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway, 17-19 November 2003. Norsk Polarinstitutt Rapportserien 124. Tromsø, Norway: Norwegian Polar Institute.

BOOK
Revkin A.C. 2006. The North Pole was here. Boston: Kingfisher.

Do not include the page lengths of books.

EDITED VOLUME
Pugnaire F.I. & Valladares F. (eds.) 1999. Handbook of functional plant ecology. New York: Marcel Dekker.

BOOK CHAPTER
Green T.G.A, Schroeter B. & Sancho L.G. 1999: Plant life in Antarctica. In F.I. Pugnaire & F. Valladares (eds.): Handbook of functional plant ecology. Pp. 495-543. New York: Marcel Dekker.

IN PRESS
Name X. In press. Title of article. Journal Title.

'In press' refers to a paper that has been unconditionally accepted for publication by the journal named. No year is given until the paper is actually published.

An unpublished paper which has not yet been accepted for publication is referred to as '(unpubl. ms.)' in the text. It is not usually listed in the references.

CONFERENCE PAPER
Papers presented at conferences and other kinds of meetings (but not published in proceedings volumes) are formatted like this:

Name X. 2006. Title of paper (or poster). Paper (or poster) presented at the XYZ Symposium. 20-23 January, Tromsø, Norway.

Include the full name of the conference (beginning with capital letters) as well as the date(s) and place, as shown above. There are no italics.

If the paper appeared in a published proceedings volume, format the reference as for a book, a report in a series or a special journal issue, as the case may be.

THESIS
Prestrud P. 1992. Arctic foxes in Svalbard: population ecology and rabies. PhD thesis, Norwegian Polar Institute.

ONLINE SOURCE
Name X. 2006. Name of item. Accessed on the internet at http//www.xyz on 16 November 2006.

If the item can be cited as a printed document instead of an internet source this is preferred. Institutions may make their reports and other publications available in full on the internet, but they are often also available in print, which publishing details such as the name of the series, the publisher and the place of publication.

NON-ENGLISH TITLES
Non-English titles of articles, chapters, books and reports are followed by the English translation in parentheses. Translations are not included for non-English serial (journal) titles. Examples:

Salomonsen F. (ed.) 1990. Grønlands fauna. (Greenland's fauna.) Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Magnus M. H. 1983. Norge og den sovjetiske polarforskning i nord og sør. (Norway and Soviet polar research in the north and in the south.) Farmand 6, 84-87.

Korĉinskaja M.V. 1980. Rannenoriskaja fauna Arhipelaga Svalbard. (Early Norian fauna of the Svalbard Archipelago.) In D.V. Semevskij (ed.): Geologija osadnocnogo cehla Arhipelaga Svalbard. (Geology of the platform cover of the Svalbard Archipelago.) Pp. 30-43. Leningrad: Scientific Research Institute of Arctic Geology (Nauèno-issledovatelskij Institut Geologii Arktiki).

In the case of publications that were published in the Cyrillic alphabet, titles, authors' and editors' names should be transcribed into the Latin alphabet using the system of transliteration used by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This system is very similar to that used by the ISO, the International Standardization Organization. Click here for the UNESCO Cyrillic-Latin transliteration table.

FIGURES AND TABLES
In the manuscript, figures and tables should be referred to in the order in which they are numbered: do not refer to Fig. 4 before Figs. 1-3 have been mentioned.

Keep character size in proportion (not necessarily uniform) in figures: avoid very small and ver large letters, numbers and other symbols. Labels on maps, other figures and tables should not consist entirely of upper case letters; use capital letters sparingly, e.g., 'Annual primary production' rather than 'Annual Primary Production' or 'ANNUAL PRIMARY PRODUCTION'. Fonts like Helvetica and Arial are preferred in figures. Use rounded parentheses rather than square brackets, e.g., ‘Length (mm)’ rather than ‘Length [mm].’ Preferably in an upper corner, label parts of composite figures (a), (b) and (c) rather than (A), (B) or (C) or A, B or C or [A], [B] or [C].

There is no charge for colour figures, but contributors are asked to bear in mind that many readers printing out their articles will not have the option of printing them in colour. Whenever possible, figures should therefore be understandable even when printed in greyscale. The gratuitous use of colour in figures is discouraged. For pre-submission advice about converting colour figures to greyscale without the loss of information, please send an e-mail to the Chief Editor, who will be happy to assist.

To facilitate the review process, the submission should include all the tables, figures, captions and supplementary material within the same Word document as the main text. Smaller file sizes for figures are preferable because this will help keep the document from becoming unwieldy. (If authors are concerned that the low-resolution versions of their figures that are included in the main Word document will be hard for reviewers to decipher, then authors should note this in their cover letters and/or in their figure captions and, during submission, they may upload higher-resolution or vector-based versions of their figures as individual files.) If the mansucript is accepted, vector-based or high-resolution versions of the graphics will be requested for publishing.

Include the figure number (e.g., "Fig. 1", "Fig. 2b") directly in each graphic, above or below the illustration. The preferred digital format for illustrations pasted into submissions (as explained in the preceding paragraph) is jpg. If an article is accepted, acceptable digital formats are tif, jpg, ai, eps and ps. For publication, tif and jpg graphics should have a resolution of 300 dots per inch at whatever dimensions the figure is expected to be laid out in the finished article: single column width is about 8 cm, 1.5 column width is about 11 cm and double column width is about 17 cm. Convert large tif image files into jpg format ("maximum quality") and ensure that they are not bigger (in terms of their height and width in cm) than required.

To publish illustrations borrowed from other sources, including in modified form, Polar Research’s Editorial Office must receive formal permission from the copyright holder. This may be the author of the original work from which the figure is borrowed or it may be the publisher. It is the responsibility of the author to ensure that all necessary permissions are sought and obtained.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. I have carefully reviewed the complete Author Guidelines before I initiate the submission.
2. I, the corresponding author, am authorized by all of my co-authors to submit this paper.
3. The submission is an original article: it has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration by another journal (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
4. The article, or any part thereof, is in no way a violation of any existing original or derivative copyright.
5. The article contains nothing obscene, indecent, objectionable or libellous.
6. If the authors would like to suggest reviewers, the cover letter includes their full names, institutions and e-mail addresses. (Authors should also check this box if they have no reviewer suggestions.)
7. The submission file is in Microsoft Word, RTF or WordPerfect document file format.
8. To facilitate the review process, the main manuscript file contains all the tables, figures, captions and supplementary material. Smaller file sizes for figures are preferable because this will help keep the document from becoming unwieldy. (If authors are concerned that the low-resolution versions of their figures that are included in the main Word document will be hard for reviewers to decipher, then authors should note this in their cover letters and/or in their figure captions and, during submission, they may upload higher-resolution or vector-based versions of their figures as individual files.) If the manuscript is accepted, vector-based or high-resolution versions of the graphics will be requested for publishing.
   See the Author guidelines for preparing figures. Please note that it is the responsibility of the author(s) to obtain permission from the copyright holder to reproduce figures or tables that have previously been published elsewhere.
9. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements delineated in the Author Guidelines
10. The journal employs to a single blind review process and therefore the title page of the manuscript should include all authors details.
11. The text is double-spaced, left-justified only (ragged right-hand margin), uses 12-point type size and employs italics rather than underlining (except with URL addresses). The space bar has only been used as a word separator and only one space has been entered after the full-stop at the end of a sentence. TAB has been used to indent paragraphs and separate columns in tables.
12. Supplemental files are submitted in accordance with instructions given under section 'C. Preparing Supplemental Files'.

Copyright Notice

Authors contributing to Polar Research agree to publish their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license, allowing third parties to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it, under the condition that the authors are given credit, that the work is not used for commercial purposes, and that in the event of reuse or distribution, the terms of this license are made clear.

Authors retain copyright of their work; however, authors are required to transfer copyrights associated with commercial use to the Norwegian Polar Institute.

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